This policy is designed to address medical guidelines that are appropriate for the majority of individuals with a particular disease, illness, or condition. Each person's unique clinical circumstances may warrant individual consideration, based on review of applicable medical records.
Prophylactic mastectomy may be considered medically necessary when ONE or more of the following risk factors are present:
- Those with a strong family history of breast cancer such as:
- Having a mother, sister, and/or daughter who was diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer or with breast cancer before age 50 years; or
- A family history of breast cancer in multiple first-degree relatives and/or multiple successive generations of family members with breast and/or ovarian cancer (family cancer syndrome); or
- Patient has tested positive for BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 gene mutations; or
- High-risk histology: Atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia, or lobular carcinoma in situ confirmed on biopsy; or
- Strong family history, or no demonstrable gene mutations; or
- Patients with such extensive mammographic abnormalities (i.e., calcifications), or dense breasts.; or
- Patients with a personal history of breast cancer making it more likely to develop a new cancer in the opposite breast.; or
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome or Cowden syndrome or Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome; or
- Received radiation therapy to the thoracic region before the age of 30. (e.g. radiation to treat Hodgkin’s disease); or
- Those with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) plus a family history of breast cancer.
Mastectomy of the contralateral breast may be considered medically necessary when ONE or more of the following situations exists:
- For risk reduction in patients at high risk for a contralateral breast cancer as stated above; or
- For patients in whom subsequent surveillance of the contralateral breast would be difficult such as for:
- Dense breast tissue as shown clinically or mammographically; or
- Diffuse and/or indeterminate calcifications.
- For improved symmetry in patients undergoing mastectomy with reconstruction for the index cancer who:
- Have a large and/or ptotic contralateral breast; or
- Disproportionately sized contralateral breast.
Coverage for reconstructive breast surgery is provided for patients undergoing covered prophylactic mastectomies.
Prophylactic mastectomy for patients without one or more of the aforementioned risk factors will be denied as not medically necessary.
Services that do not meet the criteria of this policy will not be considered medically necessary. A network provider cannot bill the member for the denied service unless: (a) the provider has given advance written notice, informing the member that the service may be deemed not medically necessary; (b) the member is provided with an estimate of the cost; and (c) the member agrees in writing to assume financial responsibility in advance of receiving the service. The signed agreement must be maintained in the provider’s records.